Presentation
“Saving tigers is simple. All they need is enough prey, space and protection. The difficult part is securing unswerving long-term commitment from the world to save this species.”
Dr. Barney Long Asian Species Expert
Visual aid: http://youtu.be/sRDvsOwwK0Y
Dr. Barney Long Asian Species Expert
Visual aid: http://youtu.be/sRDvsOwwK0Y
- CITATIONS
- "Tiger." WWF. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2013. Link: http://worldwildlife.org/species/tiger
- "Threatened & Endangered Species." Threatened and Endangered Species. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2013. Link: http://marinebio.org/oceans/threatened-endangered-species.asp
- "Speak Out Against Attacks on the Endangered Species Act." Speak Out Against Attacks on the Endangered Species Act. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2013. Link: https://secure.earthjustice.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=1189
- Ehrlich, Paul R., and Edward O. Wilson. 1991. Biodiversity Studies: Science and Policy. Science 253 (August 16): 758–62.
- CITED SCIENTIST(S)
- IUCN: (International Union for the Conservation of Nature): founded in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species
- The Endangered Species Act: In 1969, the Departments of the Interior, Agriculture, and Defense passed the Endangered Species Conservation Act to prevent mass extinctions of certain species. The use of endangered species by humans for food, fur, and other commercial uses was outlawed by this act and by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. The 1973 Endangered Species Act is one of the most significant environmental laws in America and defines endangered or threatened species, puts plants and invertebrates under protection, requires federal agencies to start programs to conserve important habitats, creates a wide umbrella of laws against hunting for endangered species, and matches contributions from individual states towards the project.
- WWF: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment. It was formely named World Wildlife Fund, which is still its official title in Canada and the US. It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100 countries, supporting around 1,300 conservation and environmental projects.
- CITES: The 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, restricting international commerce between participating nations for plant and animal species believed to be harmed by trade.
- HYPOTHESIS - Several variables are presumed to affect rates of endangered animal species including economic growth, energy use, and land use. Ecologist Paul Ehrlich posits that per capita energy use, both on a global and on a national basis, is highly correlated with rates of endangered and extinct species.
- SUMMARY - Endangered species has increasingly become a environmental problem. There are 6,500 species in the US that scientists believe are at risk of extinction; however, only 1,200 are officially listed as threatened or endangered. Scientists such as Paul Ehrlich who is an active proponent for preserving threatened organisms and biodiversity has warned that biodiversity is in such danger that we must "cease developing any more relatively undeveloped land" (Ehrlich and Wilson 1991, 758). While there are many scientists trying to warn and encourage people to refrain from participating in activities that increase extinction, members of Congress have chosen to sacrifice the most wild and vulnerable creatures for their own political gain. Recently, Congress permitted in the form of 13 different provisions to strip funding and authority from the ESA and its ability to protect the nation's most vulnerable wildlife. Everyone can contribute to helping protect endangered species because once they're gone, they cannot be brought back.
- After receiving a petition to list a species, the two federal agencies take the following steps, or rulemaking procedures, with each step being published in the Federal Register, the US government's official journal of proposed or adopted rules and regulations:
1. If a petition presents information that the species is imperiled, a screening period of 90 days begins (interested persons and/or organization petitions only). If the petition does not present substantial information to support listing, it is denied.
2. If the information is substantial, a status review is started, which is a comprehensive assessment of a species' biological status and threats, with a result of : "warranted", "not warranted," or "warranted but precluded."
- A finding of not warranted, the listing process ends.
- Warranted finding means the agencies publish a 12-month finding (a proposed rule) within one year of the date of the petition, proposing to list the species as threatened or endangered. Comments are solicited from the public, and one or more public hearings may be held. Three expert opinions from appropriate and independent specialists may be included, but is voluntary.
- A "warranted but precluded" finding is automatically recycled back through the 12-month process indefinitely until a result of either "not warranted" or "warranted" is determined. The agencies monitor the status of any "warranted but precluded" species.
3. Within another year, a final determination (a final rule) must be made on whether to list the species. The final rule time limit may be extended for 6 months and listings may be grouped together according to similar geography, threats, habitat or taxonomy. - APES TOPICS – This story relates to the topic "The Living World" that we studied in this Environmental Science class.
- QUESTIONS - 1. Why are scientists not trying harder to list the huge amount of endangered species that are not on the IUCN compiled list? 2. How many species have been removed from the IUCN list, and why?
- RESPONSE - Endangered species such as the South China Tiger have been unsustainably hunted and killed. China realized the detrimental effects hunting had on food chains and biodiversity and outlawed tiger hunting in 1979. While they declared the South China tiger's survival a conservation priority in 1995, even if some of these species remain, none of the existing protected habitats are large, healthy, and undisturbed enough to sustain viable tiger populations. The South China Tiger is simply one example of the many thousands of species that are likely to become extinct if humans do not refrain from hunting or poaching and do not commit to preserving these creatures' habitats and leaving them to their natural way of life. Wildlife crime is an urgent threat to many of the world's most loved species, particularly tigers, elephants, and rhinos. This is an important societal issue because these species can only survive these high levels of poaching for so long. Humans can help save wildlife and prevent becoming victims of wildlife crime by 1. reducing demand for skins of these animals or other products containing illegal wildlife parts; 2. pushing government to enforce laws and maintain the commitment to protect endangered species and illegal poaching (CITES); 3. speaking up for those being poached and making sure they are properly equipped and trained to survive.
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